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The Nominative Case in German: Subjects & Predicate Nouns

Master the German Nominative case (Nominativ): definite, indefinite, negative, and possessive articles, subjects vs. predicate nouns after sein, werden, bleiben.

By GermanLogic Editorial TeamPublished 4 min read

The Nominative Case (Nominativ) is the dictionary baseline for every German noun and pronoun. Before any case changes happen in a sentence, the Nominative defines the noun’s starting article (der, die, das or ein, eine, ein).

The Nominative performs two distinct jobs in German grammar:

  1. It marks the Subject (Subjekt) — the person, animal, or thing performing or experiencing the verb.
  2. It marks the Predicate Noun (Gleichsetzungsnominativ) — a noun identifying or renaming the subject after a linking verb.

Complete Nominative Article Table

Gender Definite (“the”) Indefinite (“a / an”) Negative (“no / none”) Possessive (“my”)
Masculine der Mann ein Mann kein Mann mein Mann
Feminine die Frau eine Frau keine Frau meine Frau
Neuter das Kind ein Kind kein Kind mein Kind
Plural die Kinder — (bare noun) keine Kinder meine Kinder

Notice that feminine and plural share the -e ending on eine / keine / meine, while masculine and neuter share the bare form ein / kein / mein in the Nominative singular.

Job 1: The Subject (Wer oder was?)

Every complete German clause has a subject in the Nominative, even when word order puts another element in Position 1 (see the V2 word order rule):

  • Der Mann arbeitet im Garten. (Who is working? Der Mann — Subject)
  • Im Garten arbeitet der Mann. (Even after inversion, der Mann is still the Nominative subject!)
  • Das neue Café öffnet um acht Uhr. (What opens? Das neue Café — Subject)
  • Meine Kinder spielen im Park. (Who is playing? Meine Kinder — Plural Subject)

The Wer oder was? Test

Take the verb and ask Wer? (for people) or Was? (for things):

  • Den Brief schreibt meine Kollegin.
    • Question: Wer schreibt den Brief? → meine Kollegin (Nominative subject, even though it appears at the end!)
    • Meanwhile den Brief answers Wen oder was? (Accusative object).

Job 2: Predicate Nouns After Linking Verbs

Four core German linking verbs act like an equals sign (Subject = Predicate Noun), keeping the second noun in the Nominative rather than switching to the Accusative:

Linking Verb Meaning Example (Nominative on Both Sides)
sein to be Er ist ein erfahrener Arzt. (He is an experienced physician.)
werden to become Mein Bruder wird (ein guter) Lehrer. (My brother is becoming a teacher.)
bleiben to stay / remain Berlin bleibt eine faszinierende Stadt. (Berlin remains a fascinating city.)
heißen to be called Das neue Restaurant heißt „Zum Löwen“.

Look carefully at the masculine noun der Arzt and der Lehrer above:

  • With an ordinary transitive verb (haben, sehen, suchen), you would say: Ich suche einen guten Arzt. (Accusative)
  • With sein, werden, or bleiben, you MUST keep the Nominative: Er ist ein guter Arzt. / Er wird (ein) Lehrer.

Professions Without Articles

When stating someone’s profession, nationality, or role without an adjective after sein or werden, German normally drops ein/eine:

  • Sie ist Ingenieurin. (She is an engineer.)
  • Er wird Lehrer. (He is becoming a teacher.)
  • Once you add a descriptive adjective, the article returns: Er wird ein guter Lehrer.

Adjectives & Pronouns in the Nominative

  • Personal pronouns: ich, du, er, sie, es, wir, ihr, sie, Sie (see Personal Pronouns).
  • Adjective endings after definite articles (der/die/das): -e in all three singular genders (der gute Mann, die gute Frau, das gute Kind) and -en in plural (die guten Kinder).
  • Adjective endings after indefinite articles (ein/eine/mein): Masculine takes -er (ein guter Freund), feminine -e (eine gute Freundin), neuter -es (ein gutes Buch).

Verify any noun’s gender and Nominative forms in our Der, Die, Das Checker or highlight clause subjects with the German Sentence Analyzer.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Mistake Why It Happens Correction
*Er ist einen guten Arzt. Treating the noun after sein as a direct object Er ist ein guter Arzt. (sein always equates two Nominatives.)
*Sie wird eine Ärztin (when neutral/unmodified) Importing English “a doctor” literally Prefer Sie wird Ärztin. Keep eine only with an adjective (eine gute Ärztin).
Assuming the first noun in a sentence is always Nominative Relying on English SVO word order Always check the article and verb agreement—in Diesen Mann kennt mein Vater, mein Vater is Nominative.
*Das Wetter bleibt einen schönen Tag. Using Accusative after bleiben Das Wetter bleibt schön or Es bleibt ein schöner Tag.

Next, see how masculine nouns shift when they become the direct object in The Accusative Case.

Practice checkpoint · 2 questions

Quick practice check

Test your understanding before moving on — instant feedback on every answer.

0 / 2 answered
Q1.Which sentence contains a predicate noun in the nominative?
Q2.Er wird ___ Lehrer.

Frequently asked questions

What is the Nominative case used for in German?

The Nominative (Nominativ) marks the grammatical subject of a sentence (who or what performs the verb) as well as predicate nouns following linking verbs such as sein, werden, bleiben, and heißen.

Why is 'Er ist ein guter Arzt' Nominative and not Accusative?

Verbs like sein (to be), werden (to become), bleiben (to remain), and heißen (to be called) do not pass an action to an object—they equate or describe the subject, so the noun after them stays in the Nominative.

Do you always use ein/eine with professions after sein or werden?

In standard German, bare professions and nationalities after sein or werden drop the article when unmodified (Er wird Lehrer, Sie ist Ärztin). Add ein/eine once an adjective is included: Er ist ein erfahrener Arzt.

How do you test whether a noun is in the Nominative?

Ask 'Wer oder was?' (Who or what?) plus the verb. In 'Der Zug kommt pünktlich', 'Wer oder was kommt pünktlich?' → 'Der Zug' (Nominative).

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